6th Grade Curriculum

Meet Our 6th Grade Teachers!

Welcome to a new school year! My name is Alison Duvall, and I’m excited to begin my seventh year at St. John Central School. This year, I’ll be teaching Math, Science, Social Studies, and STEM to our 4th through 6th grade students.

I graduated from Miami University with a Bachelor of Science in Education and am licensed to teach all subjects for grades 1 through 8. I’m currently working toward my Master of Science in Educational Administration through Xavier University, as I continue to grow both professionally and personally in my journey as an educator.

Hi! I'm Rachel Klinger and I'm the 4th-6th Grade Reading and Language Arts Teacher at St. Johns!

At St. John Central school, the Reading and Language Arts program in grades 4, 5, and 6 is designed to nurture confident, thoughtful, and faith-filled communicators. Students develop their ability to read, write, speak, and listen effectively—skills that are essential for academic success and lifelong learning.

Through engaging texts and meaningful discussions, students explore literature and informational texts that encourage moral reflection, critical thinking, and a love of reading. They also build their writing and grammar skills with an emphasis on clarity, structure, and creativity.

Alison Duvall

Rachel Klinger

Virgina Dyar

Ohio Standards

St. John Schools follow the curriculum that Ohio Standalized. Below is a summary of what Ohio expects teachers to teach Kindergarten in each subject. For more details, please click the link next to each subject.

English Language Art

Language
- Demonstrate command of the conventions of standard English grammar and usage when writing or speaking.
- Demonstrate command of the conventions of standard English capitalization, punctuation, and spelling when writing.
- Use knowledge of language and its conventions when writing, speaking, reading, or listening.
- Determine or clarify the meaning of unknown and multiple-meaning words and phrases based on grade 6 reading and content, choosing flexibly from a range of strategies.
- Demonstrate understanding of figurative language, word relationships, and nuances in word meanings. (e.g., stingy, scrimping, economical, frugal, thrifty).
- Acquire and use accurately grade-appropriate general academic and domain-specific words and phrases; gather vocabulary knowledge when considering a word or phrase important to comprehension or expression.

Reading - Informational
- Cite textual evidence to support analysis of what the text says explicitly as well as inferences drawn from the text.
- Analyze informational text development.
- Analyze in detail how a key individual, event, or idea is introduced, illustrated, and elaborated in a text (e.g., through examples or anecdotes).
- Determine the meaning of words and phrases as they are used in a text, including figurative, connotative, and technical meanings.
- Analyze how a particular sentence, paragraph, chapter, or section fits into the overall structure of a text and contributes to the development of the ideas.
- Determine an author's perspective or purpose in a text and explain how it is conveyed in the text.
- Integrate information presented in different media or formats (e.g., visually, quantitatively) as well as in words to develop a coherent understanding of a topic or issue.
- Trace and evaluate the argument and specific claims in a text, distinguishing claims that are supported by evidence from claims that are not.
- Compare and contrast one author's presentation of events with that of another (e.g., a memoir written by and a biography on the same person).
- By the end of the year, read and comprehend literary nonfiction in the grades 6–8 text complexity band proficiently, with scaffolding as needed at the high end of the range.

Reading - Literature
- Cite textual evidence to support analysis of what the text says explicitly as well as inferences drawn from the text.
- Analyze literary text development.
- Describe how a particular story's or drama's plot unfolds in a series of episodes as well as how the characters respond or change as the plot moves toward a resolution.
- Determine the meaning of words and phrases as they are used in a text, including figurative and connotative meanings; analyze the impact of a specific word choices, including sensory language, on meaning and tone.
- Analyze how a particular sentence, chapter, scene, or stanza fits into the overall structure of a text and contributes to the development of the theme, setting, or plot.
- Explain how an author uses the point of view to develop the perspective of the narrator or speaker in a text.
- Compare and contrast the experience of reading a story, drama, or poem to listening to or viewing an audio, video, or live version of the text, including contrasting what they "see" and "hear" when reading the text to what they perceive when they listen or watch.
- Compare and contrast texts in different forms or genres (e.g., stories and poems; historical novels and fantasy stories) in terms of their approaches to similar themes and topics.
- By the end of the year, read and comprehend literature, including stories, dramas, and poems, in the grades 6 – 8 text complexity band proficiently, with scaffolding as needed at the high end of the range. Build background knowledge and activate prior knowledge in order to make text-to-self, text-to-text, and text-to-world connections that deepen understanding of the text.

Writing
- Write arguments to support claims with clear reasons and relevant evidence.
- Write informative/explanatory texts to examine a topic and convey ideas, concepts, and information through the selection, organization, and analysis of relevant content.
- Write narratives to develop real or imagined experiences or events using effective technique, relevant descriptive details, and well-structured event sequences.
- Produce clear and coherent writing in which the development, organization, and style are appropriate to task, purpose, and audience.
- With some guidance and support from peers and adults, develop and strengthen writing as needed by planning, revising, editing, rewriting, or trying a new approach.
- Use technology, including the Internet, to produce and publish writing as well as to interact and collaborate with others, while demonstrating sufficient command of keyboarding skills.
- Conduct short research projects to answer a question, drawing on several sources and refocusing the inquiry when appropriate.
- Gather relevant information from multiple print and digital sources; assess the credibility of each source; and quote or paraphrase the data and conclusions of others, while avoiding plagiarism and providing basic bibliographic information for sources.
- Draw evidence from literary or informational texts to support analysis, reflection, and research.
- Write routinely over extended time frames (time for research, reflection, and revision) and shorter time frames (a single sitting or a day or two) for a range of discipline-specific tasks, purposes, and audiences.

Mathematics

Operations and Algebraic Thinking
- Understand the concept of a ratio and use ratio language to describe a ratio relationship between two quantities.
- Understand the concept of a unit rate a/b associated with a ratio a:b with b ≠ 0, and use rate language in the context of a ratio relationship.
- Use ratio and rate reasoning to solve real-world and mathematical problems, e.g., by reasoning about tables of equivalent ratios, tape diagrams, double number line diagrams, or equations.

The Number System
- Interpret and compute quotients of fractions, and solve word problems involving division of fractions by fractions, e.g., by using visual fraction models and equations to represent the problem.
- Fluently divide multi-digit numbers using a standard algorithm.
- Fluently add, subtract, multiply, and divide multi-digit decimals using a standard algorithm for each operation.
- Find the greatest common factor of two whole numbers less than or equal to 100 and the least common multiple of two whole numbers less than or equal to 12. Use the distributive property to express a sum of two whole numbers 1-100 with a common factor as a multiple of a sum of two whole numbers with no common factor.
- Understand that positive and negative numbers are used together to describe quantities having opposite directions or values, e.g., temperature above/below zero, elevation above/below sea level, credits/debits, positive/negative electric charge; use positive and negative numbers to represent quantities in real-world contexts, explaining the meaning of 0 in each situation.
- Understand a rational number as a point on the number line. Extend number line diagrams and coordinate axes familiar from previous grades to represent points on the line and in the plane with negative number coordinates.
- Understand ordering and absolute value of rational numbers.
- Solve real-world and mathematical problems by graphing points in all four quadrants of the coordinate plane. Include use of coordinates and absolute value to find distances between points with the same first coordinate or the same second coordinate.

Expressions and Equations
- Write and evaluate numerical expressions involving whole-number exponents.
- Write, read, and evaluate expressions in which letters stand for numbers.
- Apply the properties of operations to generate equivalent expressions.
- Identify when two expressions are equivalent, i.e., when the two expressions name the same number regardless of which value is substituted into them.
- Understand solving an equation or inequality as a process of answering a question: which values from a specified set, if any, make the equation or inequality true? Use substitution to determine whether a given number in a specified set makes an equation or inequality true.
- Use variables to represent numbers and write expressions when solving a real-world or mathematical problem; understand that a variable can represent an unknown number, or, depending on the purpose at hand, any number in a specified set.
- Solve real-world and mathematical problems by writing and solving equations of the form x + p = q and px = q for cases in which p, q, and x are all nonnegative rational numbers.
- Write an inequality of the form x > c or x < c to represent a constraint or condition in a real-world or mathematical problem. Recognize that inequalities of the form x > c or x < c have infinitely many solutions; represent solutions of such inequalities on number line diagrams.
- Use variables to represent two quantities in a real-world problem that change in relationship to one another; write an equation to express one quantity, thought of as the dependent variable, in terms of the other quantity, thought of as the independent variable. Analyze the relationship between the dependent and independent variables using graphs and tables, and relate these to the equation.

Geometry
- Through composition into rectangles or decomposition into triangles, find the area of right triangles, other triangles, special quadrilaterals, and polygons; apply these techniques in the context of solving real-world and mathematical problems.
- Find the volume of a right rectangular prism with fractional edge lengths by packing it with unit cubes of the appropriate unit fraction edge lengths, and show that the volume is the same as would be found by multiplying the edge lengths of the prism. Apply the formulas V = l w h and V = B h to find volumes of right rectangular prisms with fractional edge lengths in the context of solving real-world and mathematical problems.
- Draw polygons in the coordinate plane given coordinates for the vertices; use coordinates to find the length of a side joining points with the same first coordinate or the same second coordinate. Apply these techniques in the context of solving real-world and mathematical problems.
- Represent three-dimensional figures using nets made up of rectangles and triangles, and use the nets to find the surface area of these figures. Apply these techniques in the context of solving real-world and mathematical problems.

Statistics and Probability
- Develop statistical reasoning by using the GAISE model:
- Understand that a set of data collected to answer a statistical question has a distribution which can be described by its center, spread, and overall shape.
- Understand that a set of data collected to answer a statistical question has a distribution which can be described by its center, spread, and overall shape.
- Display numerical data in plots on a number line, including dot plots (line plots), histograms, and box plots.
- Summarize numerical data sets in relation to their context.

Science

Earth and Space Science
- Minerals have specific, quantifiable properties.
- Igneous, metamorphic and sedimentary rocks have unique characteristics that can be used for identification and/or classification.
- Igneous, metamorphic and sedimentary rocks form in different ways.
- Soil is unconsolidated material that contains nutrient matter and weathered rock.
- Rocks, minerals and soils have common and practical uses.

Physical Science
- Matter is made up of small particles called atoms.
- Changes of state are explained by a model of matter composed of particles that are in motion.
- There are two categories of energy: kinetic and potential.
Life Science
- Cells are the fundamental unit of life.
- All cells come from pre-existing cells.
- Cells carry on specific functions that sustain life.
- Living systems at all levels of organization demonstrate the complementary nature of structure and function.

Social Studies

History
- Multiple tier timelines can be used to show relationships among events and places.
- Early civilizations (India, Egypt, China and Mesopotamia) had unique governments, economic systems, social structures, religions, technologies and agricultural practices and products. The cultural practices and products of these early civilizations can be used to help understand the Eastern Hemisphere today.
Geography
- Geographic tools can be used to gather, process and report information about people, places and environments. Cartographers decide which information to include and how it is displayed.
- Latitude and longitude can be used to identify absolute location.
- Regions can be determined, classified and compared using data related to various criteria including landform, climate, population, and cultural and economic characteristics
- The variety of physical environments within the Eastern Hemisphere influences human activities. Likewise, human activities modify the physical environment.
- Political, environmental, social and economic factors cause people, products and ideas to move from place to place in the Eastern Hemisphere in the past and today.
- Diffusion of agricultural practices and products, technology, cultural practices and major world religions (Buddhism, Christianity, Hinduism, Islam and Judaism) impacted the Eastern Hemisphere.

Government
- Different perspectives on a topic can be obtained from a variety of historic and contemporary sources and used to effectively communicate and defend a claim based on evidence. Sources should be examined for accuracy and credibility.
- Governments can be categorized as monarchies, theocracies, dictatorships or democracies, but categories may overlap and labels may not accurately represent how governments function. The extent of citizens' liberties and responsibilities varies according to limits on governmental authority.

Economics
- Economists compare data sets to draw conclusions about relationships among them.
- The choices made by individuals and governments have both present and future consequences. The evaluation of choices is relative and may differ across individuals and societies.
- The fundamental questions of economics include what to produce, how to produce and for whom to produce.
- When regions and/or countries specialize, global trade occurs.
- The interaction of supply and demand, influenced by competition, helps to determine price in a market. This interaction also determines the quantities of outputs produced and the quantities of productive resources (entrepreneurship, human resources, natural resources and capital) used.
- When selecting items to buy, individuals can weigh costs and benefits and compare the price and quality of available goods and services.

6th Grade Curriculum

Meet Our 6th Grade Teachers!

Ohio Standards

English Language Art

Language

Demonstrate command of the conventions of standard English grammar and usage when writing or speaking.

Demonstrate command of the conventions of standard English capitalization, punctuation, and spelling when writing.

Use knowledge of language and its conventions when writing, speaking, reading, or listening.

Determine or clarify the meaning of unknown and multiple-meaning words and phrases based on grade 6 reading and content, choosing flexibly from a range of strategies.

Demonstrate understanding of figurative language, word relationships, and nuances in word meanings. (e.g., stingy, scrimping, economical, frugal, thrifty).

Acquire and use accurately grade-appropriate general academic and domain-specific words and phrases; gather vocabulary knowledge when considering a word or phrase important to comprehension or expression.

​

Reading - Informational

Cite textual evidence to support analysis of what the text says explicitly as well as inferences drawn from the text.

Analyze informational text development.

Analyze in detail how a key individual, event, or idea is introduced, illustrated, and elaborated in a text (e.g., through examples or anecdotes).

Determine the meaning of words and phrases as they are used in a text, including figurative, connotative, and technical meanings.

Analyze how a particular sentence, paragraph, chapter, or section fits into the overall structure of a text and contributes to the development of the ideas.

Determine an author's perspective or purpose in a text and explain how it is conveyed in the text.

Integrate information presented in different media or formats (e.g., visually, quantitatively) as well as in words to develop a coherent understanding of a topic or issue.

Trace and evaluate the argument and specific claims in a text, distinguishing claims that are supported by evidence from claims that are not.

Compare and contrast one author's presentation of events with that of another (e.g., a memoir written by and a biography on the same person).

​By the end of the year, read and comprehend literary nonfiction in the grades 6–8 text complexity band proficiently, with scaffolding as needed at the high end of the range.

Reading - Literature

Cite textual evidence to support analysis of what the text says explicitly as well as inferences drawn from the text.

Analyze literary text development.

Describe how a particular story's or drama's plot unfolds in a series of episodes as well as how the characters respond or change as the plot moves toward a resolution.

Determine the meaning of words and phrases as they are used in a text, including figurative and connotative meanings; analyze the impact of a specific word choices, including sensory language, on meaning and tone.

Analyze how a particular sentence, chapter, scene, or stanza fits into the overall structure of a text and contributes to the development of the theme, setting, or plot.

Explain how an author uses the point of view to develop the perspective of the narrator or speaker in a text.

Compare and contrast the experience of reading a story, drama, or poem to listening to or viewing an audio, video, or live version of the text, including contrasting what they "see" and "hear" when reading the text to what they perceive when they listen or watch.

Compare and contrast texts in different forms or genres (e.g., stories and poems; historical novels and fantasy stories) in terms of their approaches to similar themes and topics.

Writing

Write arguments to support claims with clear reasons and relevant evidence.

Write informative/explanatory texts to examine a topic and convey ideas, concepts, and information through the selection, organization, and analysis of relevant content.

Write narratives to develop real or imagined experiences or events using effective technique, relevant descriptive details, and well-structured event sequences.

Produce clear and coherent writing in which the development, organization, and style are appropriate to task, purpose, and audience.

With some guidance and support from peers and adults, develop and strengthen writing as needed by planning, revising, editing, rewriting, or trying a new approach.

Use technology, including the Internet, to produce and publish writing as well as to interact and collaborate with others, while demonstrating sufficient command of keyboarding skills.

Conduct short research projects to answer a question, drawing on several sources and refocusing the inquiry when appropriate.

Gather relevant information from multiple print and digital sources; assess the credibility of each source; and quote or paraphrase the data and conclusions of others, while avoiding plagiarism and providing basic bibliographic information for sources.

Draw evidence from literary or informational texts to support analysis, reflection, and research.

​Write routinely over extended time frames (time for research, reflection, and revision) and shorter time frames (a single sitting or a day or two) for a range of discipline-specific tasks, purposes, and audiences.

Mathematics

Operations and Algebraic Thinking

The Number System

Expressions and Equations

Geometry

Statistics and Probability

Science

Earth and Space Science

Physical Science

Life Science

Social Studies

History ​

Geography

Government

Economics

By the end of the year, read and comprehend literary nonfiction in the grades 6–8 text complexity band proficiently, with scaffolding as needed at the high end of the range.

Write routinely over extended time frames (time for research, reflection, and revision) and shorter time frames (a single sitting or a day or two) for a range of discipline-specific tasks, purposes, and audiences.

History